Moon Altitude

Moon altitude is a critical astronomical parameter for night photographers, measuring the moon's vertical angle above the horizon and determining both the intensity of moonlight illumination and the optical quality of the moon itself in photographs. Like solar elevation, moon altitude ranges from -90° (moon directly below, not visible) through 0° (moon exactly at the horizon during moonrise or moonset) to +90° (moon at zenith, directly overhead). When the moon is at high altitude (above 45°), it provides maximum illumination for moonlit landscapes, as its light passes through less atmosphere, resulting in stronger, whiter light with minimal scattering or absorption. High moon altitude is ideal for moonlit landscape photography where you want substantial natural light to illuminate foreground details—coastal scenes, mountain landscapes, and architectural subjects all benefit from high-altitude moonlight that creates visible shadows and modeling. The moon's illumination follows the inverse-square law, but atmospheric absorption is the practical limiting factor: a full moon at 60° altitude provides roughly twice the illumination of the same moon at 20° altitude due to reduced atmospheric interference.

For photographers shooting the moon itself as a subject—lunar close-ups, moon rising over landscapes, or supermoon shots—moon altitude has different implications. Very high altitude (above 70°) means the moon is overhead, often an awkward composition angle unless you're shooting straight up. Moderate altitude (30-60°) provides good framing opportunities while keeping the moon high enough to avoid excessive atmospheric distortion. Low altitude (0-15°) creates the iconic giant moon effect due to atmospheric refraction and the moon illusion, though the moon appears warmer (more orange or red) due to atmospheric scattering of blue wavelengths—beautiful for moonrise/moonset shots but challenging for accurate lunar surface color. Moon altitude below 0° means the moon is below the horizon and not visible, providing dark skies ideal for astrophotography. Unlike the sun, which follows a predictable daily path, the moon's path across the sky shifts daily due to its 29.5-day orbit around Earth. The moon's maximum altitude varies monthly: when the moon is full, its altitude patterns roughly mirror the sun's six months earlier or later (a summer full moon follows a low winter sun path, staying relatively low, while a winter full moon follows a high summer sun path). The moon's altitude also varies by latitude—at equatorial latitudes the moon can pass directly overhead, while at high latitudes the moon's maximum altitude is lower and its path more oblique.

For astrophotographers seeking dark skies, moon altitude below the horizon is ideal, but knowing when the moon will set (or hasn't yet risen) requires tracking moon altitude in real-time. For moonlit landscape photography, photographers often seek full moon at high altitude for maximum illumination, particularly during winter months when the full moon climbs high in the northern sky. PhotoWeather calculates moon altitude precisely for your location, helping you predict when the moon will be optimally positioned for your photographic goals. Whether you need high-altitude moonlight for illuminating landscapes, low-altitude positioning for dramatic moonrise compositions, or moon-below-horizon timing for dark-sky astrophotography, understanding moon altitude is essential for successful night photography planning.