Visibility

Visibility quantifies horizontal distance at which contrast and features remain distinguishable, measuring atmospheric clarity from dense fog under 50 meters to exceptional transparency exceeding 50 kilometers, fundamentally determining what photography subjects and techniques remain viable. Unlike simple fog presence/absence, visibility provides graduated clarity measurement revealing atmospheric conditions from impenetrable mist to crystalline transparency.

Dense fog with visibility below 100 meters creates completely obscured conditions where foreground elements disappear into white void within meters, producing minimalist, ethereal images where isolation and mystery dominate. Light fog or mist at 200-1000 meters visibility strikes the sweet spot for atmospheric landscape photography: enough clarity for foreground detail and compositional depth, sufficient obscuration for mood and layered fading into backgrounds, creating those coveted layered mountain ridges and fog-shrouded forests. Moderate visibility of 5-10km indicates hazy conditions common in humid climates and polluted areas, where distant features blur into atmospheric perspective, working well for shorter-range landscapes but frustrating telephoto mountain photography.

Good visibility of 15-25km represents clear conditions suitable for most photography, where mountains 20km distant render with adequate clarity and atmospheric perspective adds depth without excessive haze. Exceptional visibility above 30km occurs in dry climates, after precipitation has scrubbed air, and during high-pressure systems, enabling stunning telephoto compression shots of peaks 40-50km away and astrophotography where Milky Way structure appears crisp rather than haze-dulled. Visibility below 10km eliminates long-distance photography but enhances atmospheric perspective effects where layered ridges fade progressively into haze, creating classic mountain vista depth. PhotoWeather tracks visibility forecasts to alert photographers to fog and mist opportunities when visibility drops below 2km, clear air windows after frontal passage when visibility exceeds 30km, and optimal moderate visibility of 8-15km that balances clarity with atmospheric depth. Visibility changes dramatically throughout days: morning fog under 500m often lifts to 10-20km by midday as sun heats surface, while evening humidity may reduce afternoon clarity from 25km to 10km as moisture increases. Understanding visibility helps photographers choose appropriate focal lengths and subjects: reduced visibility demands wider angles capturing nearby subjects, while exceptional visibility enables extreme telephoto work previously impossible through haze.