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Rule Fire Sky

Waimea Canyon - Fire Sky - Hawaii

Lihue, Hawaii, United States

Those rare, intensely red and orange sunset skies

Currently

Real-time conditions
Low Cloud Cover0%
Mid Cloud Cover5%
Aerosol Optical Depth0.1dimensionless
Sun Elevation-51.9° (Astronomical night)

Upcoming Opportunities

When all conditions match, PhotoWeather marks an opportunity window.

Times shown in Pacific/Honolulu
fire-sky weather icon
Next opportunity
Spectacular Fiery Red Sky at Sunrise
Waimea Canyon
Tomorrow · 07:00–07:13 · 1h window
Medium confidence
47%
🔥Fiery Red Sky Potential92.7%
Low Cloud Cover: 16%
Mid Cloud Cover: 69%
Aerosol Optical Depth: 0.1dimensionless
Sun Elevation: 2.9° (Golden hour)

What this forecast looks for

Plain-language explanation from the rule

This forecast tracks the spectacular sunset conditions that transform Hawaii's tropical skies into blazing displays. We combine cloud coverage patterns, volcanic haze levels, and atmospheric clarity to predict when Hawaiian sunsets will ignite with dramatic color.

Hawaii offers some of the Pacific's most dramatic fire-sky conditions, particularly when volcanic haze (vog) from Kilauea adds atmospheric particulates that scatter light into intense oranges and reds. The tropical location means the sun sets quickly at a steep angle, creating brief but intense color displays.

What makes Hawaii special for fire-sky photography:

  • Volcanic haze advantage - Vog from Kilauea volcano scatters light into intense sunset colors
  • Maui and Big Island drama - Leeward coasts receive the most dramatic vog-enhanced sunsets
  • Tropical intensity - Quick sunset at steep angle creates brief but fierce color
  • Ocean reflections - Calm leeward waters mirror fire skies perfectly

The Big Island's Kona coast offers Hawaii's most reliable fire-sky conditions, particularly when vog from Kilauea volcano drifts southwest. The volcanic particulates scatter light dramatically, creating sunsets of unusual intensity. Maui's western coast benefits from similar conditions when vog crosses the channel. The steep volcanic slopes provide dramatic foreground silhouettes—palm trees and volcanic peaks profiled against blazing skies. During periods of volcanic activity, vog levels increase and sunset colors become even more intense. The leeward (western/southern) coasts of islands offer the calmest water for reflections. Trade winds typically die down at sunset, creating mirror-like ocean surfaces that double the impact. Tropical sunsets happen quickly—the entire show from first color to darkness takes about 30 minutes, with peak color lasting only 5-10 minutes. Scout locations beforehand and be ready before the sun touches the horizon.

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72-hour requirements breakdown

What passed or failed, hour by hour
1matching hours in the next 80 hoursJump to next match
AND logic: all conditions required
Meets requirement
Misses requirement
Time
Pacific/Honolulu
Golden Hour
Any
Fiery Red Sky Potential
≥ 90.0%
Precipitation Chance
≤ 15.0%
Visibility
≥ 8000.0m
Sat, Mar 14
18:000%95%24135m
19:0078%95%24135m
20:000%96%24134m
21:000%94%24134m
22:000%97%24135m
23:000%95%24135m
Sun, Mar 15
24:000%96%24135m
01:000%97%24134m
02:000%98%24134m
03:000%93%24135m
04:000%87%24135m
05:000%82%24135m
06:00100%82%24134m
07:0083%83%24134m
08:000%83%13215m
09:000%65%24134m
10:000%47%24135m
11:000%29%24134m
12:000%32%24135m
13:000%36%24135m
14:000%39%24135m
15:000%26%24135m
16:000%13%24134m
17:000%0%24135m
18:000%0%24135m
19:0079%0%24134m
20:000%0%24135m
21:000%0%24134m
22:000%0%24134m
23:000%0%24135m
Mon, Mar 16
24:000%13%24135m
01:000%26%24134m
02:000%39%24134m
03:000%26%24134m
04:000%13%24135m
05:000%0%24134m
06:0083%7.4%24135m
07:0093%15%24135m
08:000%22%24134m
09:000%27%24134m
10:000%32%24135m
11:000%38%24134m
12:000%36%24135m
13:000%34%24134m
14:000%32%24135m
15:000%30%24134m
16:000%29%24135m
17:000%27%24134m
18:000%26%24135m
19:0076%24%24135m
20:000%23%24135m
21:000%49%22114m
22:000%74%24101m
23:000%100%23518m
Tue, Mar 17
24:000%100%12753m
01:000%100%22509m
02:000%100%19563m
03:000%88%24135m
04:000%76%24134m
05:000%64%20636m
06:000%70%20661m
07:000%77%21121m
08:000%83%24134m
09:000%78%18518m
10:000%73%12903m
11:000%68%7287m
12:000%68%9836m
13:000%68%12385m
14:000%68%14933m
15:000%64%16029m
16:000%60%17125m
17:000%56%18220m
18:000%52%20038m
19:0083%48%21856m
20:000%44%23674m
21:000%37%23828m
22:000%29%23981m
23:000%22%24135m
Wed, Mar 18
24:000%30%24135m
01:000%38%24135m
How to read: colored cells show whether each predicate requirement is met; highlighted rows mean the full rule matched (an opportunity).

What does Fiery Red Sky Potential mean?

Inputs that drive the score

This derived score summarizes multiple raw weather signals. The table below shows the supporting inputs hour by hour, so you can see what's pushing the score up or down.

Time
Pacific/Honolulu
Aerosol Optical Depth (550nm)
Air Pressure
hPa
Dust AOD (550nm)
Golden Hour
High Clouds
%
Low Clouds
%
Mid-Level Clouds
%
RH @ 700 hPa
%
Relative Humidity
%
Smoke AOD (550nm)
Temperature
°C
Wind Speed
m/s
Ångström Exponent
Sun, Mar 15 Sunrise 06:46 Sunset 18:46
03:00
0.12 1001hPa 0.003 - 0% 0% 5% 71% 78% 0.008 23°C 9.5m/s 0.75
04:00
0.12 1001hPa 0.003 - 0% 2% 5% 72% 80% 0.008 24°C 9.4m/s 0.72
05:00
0.11 1002hPa 0.002 - 1% 2% 60% 73% 80% 0.008 23°C 10m/s 0.72
06:00
0.1 1003hPa 0.002 - 13% 4% 38% 64% 79% 0.008 23°C 10m/s 0.73
07:00
0.1 1003hPa 0.002 - 0% 4% 75% 54% 79% 0.008 23°C 9.7m/s 0.76
08:00
0.09 1004hPa 0.002 - 0% 29% 4% 45% 80% 0.008 23°C 10m/s 0.77
09:00
0.1 1005hPa 0.002 - 0% 27% 6% 32% 79% 0.008 23°C 9.6m/s 0.75
10:00
0.11 1005hPa 0.002 - 0% 18% 0% 20% 75% 0.008 24°C 8.6m/s 0.73
11:00
0.11 1005hPa 0.002 - 0% 11% 0% 7.1% 72% 0.008 24°C 8.4m/s 0.75
12:00
0.11 1005hPa 0.001 - 43% 6% 0% 10% 70% 0.009 25°C 8.1m/s 0.73
13:00
0.12 1005hPa 0.001 - 0% 2% 0% 13% 68% 0.009 25°C 8.5m/s 0.72
14:00
0.13 1005hPa 0.002 - 0% 5% 0% 16% 67% 0.009 25°C 8.3m/s 0.71
15:00
0.13 1004hPa 0.002 - 0% 9% 4% 24% 68% 0.009 25°C 7.2m/s 0.72
16:00
0.12 1004hPa 0.001 - 99% 1% 2% 33% 68% 0.008 25°C 6.3m/s 0.7
17:00
0.12 1005hPa 0.002 - 100% 5% 2% 41% 67% 0.008 25°C 6.1m/s 0.73
18:00
0.12 1006hPa 0.002 - 100% 64% 2% 39% 67% 0.008 24°C 5.6m/s 0.73
19:00
0.12 1007hPa 0.002 - 100% 49% 2% 36% 68% 0.008 24°C 5m/s 0.71
20:00
0.12 1007hPa 0.002 - 100% 0% 0% 34% 69% 0.008 24°C 4.9m/s 0.71
21:00
0.11 1008hPa 0.001 - 89% 6% 4% 31% 70% 0.007 23°C 4.5m/s 0.7
22:00
0.11 1009hPa 0.001 - 100% 5% 98% 28% 70% 0.006 23°C 4.3m/s 0.68
23:00
0.1 1009hPa 0.001 - 100% 0% 31% 24% 71% 0.005 23°C 3.8m/s 0.68
Mon, Mar 16 Sunrise 06:45 Sunset 18:46
24:00
0.1 1008hPa 0.001 - 93% 0% 5% 25% 72% 0.004 23°C 3.8m/s 0.66
01:00
0.1 1008hPa 0.001 - 100% 0% 100% 26% 73% 0.004 23°C 4.1m/s 0.65
02:00
0.11 1008hPa 0.001 - 100% 0% 84% 27% 73% 0.004 23°C 4.9m/s 0.64
03:00
0.11 1007hPa 0.001 - 100% 0% 88% 27% 74% 0.003 23°C 4.7m/s 0.63
04:00
0.1 1008hPa 0.001 - 100% 6% 100% 27% 74% 0.003 22°C 4.5m/s 0.64
05:00
0.1 1008hPa 0.001 - 100% 48% 100% 27% 74% 0.003 22°C 3.9m/s 0.65
06:00
0.1 1008hPa 0.001 - 100% 9% 97% 31% 75% 0.003 23°C 4m/s 0.68
07:00
0.11 1009hPa 0.001 - 100% 16% 69% 36% 76% 0.003 23°C 4.2m/s 0.67
08:00
0.12 1010hPa 0.001 - 100% 23% 80% 40% 76% 0.003 23°C 4.1m/s 0.63
09:00
0.12 1010hPa 0.001 - 94% 98% 100% 47% 72% 0.003 23°C 4.3m/s 0.63
10:00
0.11 1011hPa 0.001 - 98% 94% 100% 54% 71% 0.004 23°C 4.1m/s 0.65
11:00
0.1 1010hPa 0.001 - 58% 99% 100% 61% 70% 0.004 24°C 3.8m/s 0.71
12:00
0.1 1010hPa 0.001 - 96% 99% 100% 62% 69% 0.004 24°C 3.1m/s 0.73
13:00
0.11 1010hPa 0.001 - 100% 71% 98% 62% 68% 0.004 24°C 2.4m/s 0.73
14:00
0.11 1009hPa 0.001 - 100% 10% 87% 63% 65% 0.004 24°C 2.7m/s 0.7
15:00
- 1008hPa - - 100% 16% 100% 59% 67% - 24°C 3m/s -
16:00
- 1008hPa - - 100% 61% 100% 56% 70% - 24°C 2.6m/s -
17:00
- 1009hPa - - 86% 100% 100% 52% 71% - 24°C 1.9m/s -
18:00
- 1009hPa - - 100% 100% 100% 68% 71% - 24°C 2.4m/s -
19:00
- 1010hPa - - 100% 46% 100% 83% 72% - 24°C 2.7m/s -
20:00
- 1011hPa - - 100% 52% 100% 99% 71% - 23°C 1.4m/s -
21:00
- 1011hPa - - 100% 98% 100% 96% 72% - 23°C 1.3m/s -
22:00
- 1012hPa - - 49% 99% 100% 93% 74% - 23°C 1.1m/s -
23:00
- 1012hPa - - 28% 99% 100% 90% 77% - 23°C 1.2m/s -
Tue, Mar 17 Sunrise 06:44 Sunset 18:47
24:00
- 1011hPa - - 100% 100% 100% 92% 81% - 22°C 1.4m/s -
01:00
- 1011hPa - - 99% 100% 100% 94% 79% - 22°C 1.4m/s -
02:00
- 1010hPa - - 100% 100% 100% 96% 80% - 21°C 2.9m/s -
03:00
- 1010hPa - - 100% 100% 100% 97% 79% - 21°C 3.5m/s -
04:00
- 1009hPa - - 100% 100% 100% 98% 78% - 21°C 2.8m/s -
05:00
- 1009hPa - - 100% 100% 100% 98% 80% - 21°C 2.1m/s -
06:00
- 1010hPa - - 91% 100% 100% 97% 84% - 20°C 1.8m/s -
07:00
- 1011hPa - - 89% 100% 100% 96% 85% - 20°C 1.9m/s -
08:00
- 1011hPa - - 9% 100% 100% 95% 87% - 20°C 1.2m/s -
09:00
- 995hPa - - 39% 100% 100% 95% 89% - 20°C 1.2m/s -
10:00
- 980hPa - - 70% 99% 100% 94% 90% - 19°C 1.2m/s -
11:00
- 965hPa - - 100% 98% 100% 93% 91% - 18°C 1.1m/s -
12:00
- 965hPa - - 100% 99% 98% 91% 92% - 18°C 1.1m/s -
13:00
- 966hPa - - 100% 99% 96% 89% 93% - 18°C 1.1m/s -
14:00
- 966hPa - - 100% 100% 94% 86% 93% - 18°C 1m/s -
15:00
- 966hPa - - 85% 88% 92% 81% 94% - 18°C 1.1m/s -
16:00
- 967hPa - - 70% 77% 89% 75% 95% - 18°C 1.2m/s -
17:00
- 967hPa - - 56% 66% 86% 69% 95% - 17°C 1.3m/s -
18:00
- 966hPa - - 38% 50% 81% 76% 95% - 17°C 1.2m/s -
19:00
- 966hPa - - 20% 34% 76% 82% 95% - 17°C 1.2m/s -
20:00
- 966hPa - - 2% 18% 71% 88% 95% - 17°C 1.1m/s -
21:00
- 965hPa - - 7% 23% 49% 82% 95% - 17°C 1.2m/s -
22:00
- 965hPa - - 12% 27% 27% 76% 96% - 17°C 1.2m/s -
23:00
- 965hPa - - 18% 32% 5% 70% 96% - 17°C 1.3m/s -
Wed, Mar 18 Sunrise 06:43 Sunset 18:47
24:00
- 965hPa - - 45% 36% 22% 70% 95% - 17°C 1.3m/s -
01:00
- 966hPa - - 72% 41% 39% 69% 93% - 18°C 1.3m/s -
02:00
- 966hPa - - 100% 45% 56% 69% 92% - 18°C 1.4m/s -
How to read: these inputs help produce the derived score; they are not requirements by themselves.

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