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Photography planning guide

Astrophotography Weather

Plan clear, dark, transparent nights using cloud, visibility, moon, Milky Way, and atmospheric clarity fields.

Planning goal

Avoid bright moonlight, haze, and cloud during the exact dark-sky window.

Start with the combined condition

First-pass shortlist

Signals worth waiting for

  • Astronomical darkness during the hours you can shoot
  • Low cloud cover across the whole night window
  • Little or no moonlight when faint detail is the goal
  • High clarity with low haze or smoke
  • Milky Way altitude and direction that match your composition

Example alert rules

  • Astronomical night + cloud cover low
  • Moon illumination low + visibility high
  • Milky Way visible + haze low

Supporting weather fields

28 weather fields

Astronomical Night

Darkest period between astronomical dusk and dawn

Milky Way Visibility

When Galactic Center or MW band is photographable

Milky Way Altitude

Galactic Center elevation angle above horizon

Moon Illumination

Percentage of moon disc illuminated (0% = new, 100% = full)

Total Cloud Coverage

free

Overall cloud coverage across all altitudes

Visibility

free

Horizontal visibility distance

Aerosol Optical Depth (550nm)

pro

Total aerosol optical depth at 550nm. Lower values indicate clearer skies and more vivid colours.

Ångström Exponent

pro

Ångström exponent (α) computed from AOD at 550nm and 865nm. Indicates aerosol particle size: higher values = smaller particles (pollution, smoke), lower values = larger particles (dust, sea salt).

Astronomical Twilight

Sun 12-18° below horizon

Aurora Activity

free

Aurora geomagnetic activity score (0-100%) based on Kp index and geomagnetic latitude

Aurora Kp Index

free

Predicted aurora Kp index for geomagnetic activity

Blue Hour

Deep blue sky after sunset/before sunrise

Civil Twilight

Sun 0-6° below horizon

Cloud Base Height

free

Estimated height of cloud base above ground level

Day/Night Period

Daylight period conditions (day/night)

Dust AOD (550nm)

pro

Dust component of aerosol optical depth. High dust reduces air clarity and can create warm-toned haze.

Golden Hour

Golden hour periods with warm, soft light

High Clouds

free

Cloud coverage above 6km altitude (cirrus)

Low Clouds

free

Cloud coverage below 2km altitude

Mid-Level Clouds

free

Cloud coverage between 2-6km altitude

Moon Altitude

Moon's elevation angle above horizon

Moon Azimuth

Moon's compass direction (0° = North, 180° = South)

Moon Phase

Specific moon phase requirements

Moon Visibility

Moon must be above the horizon

Nautical Twilight

Sun 6-12° below horizon

OVATION Aurora Probability

pro

Real-time NOAA OVATION Prime satellite aurora probability (0-100%). Available for near-term forecasts only (0-2 hours).

Sea Salt AOD (550nm)

pro

Sea salt component of aerosol optical depth. Indicates marine aerosols from ocean spray, common in coastal areas.

Smoke AOD (550nm)

pro

Smoke component of aerosol optical depth (black carbon + organic matter). Indicates wildfire smoke or urban pollution affecting air quality and visibility.

Useful combinations

These are starting points for photographer-first alerts. Adjust thresholds for your location, season, subject, and safety margin.

Astronomical night + cloud cover

Check cloud during the dark window itself; a clear sunset does not guarantee a clear midnight sky.

Moon illumination + Milky Way altitude

A good Milky Way position is strongest when moonlight is low or timed outside your main exposure window.

Visibility + aerosol fields

Stars can look soft even under clear skies when smoke, dust, humidity, or haze reduces transparency.

Related alert templates

Use templates when you want a ready-made rule, then tune it for how strict you want the alert to be.

Create alerts for this shooting goal

Open the individual field guides above to see practical values, mistakes, limitations, and PhotoWeather rule examples.

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